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Brief Descriptions of Olympian Gods

Created by Nancy Sultan
Professor of Greek & Roman Studies, IWU


GOD PARENTAGE SPOUSE FUNCTIONS SANCTUARIES ANIMAL ATTRIBUTE ROMAN EQUIVALENT EPITHETS
ZEUS Cronos & Rhea Hera King of gods, Guardian of State, Guardian of Justice, Guardian of strangers Olympia & Dodona eagle thunderbolt, scepter JUPITER Olympian, Savior, Father, Thundering, Cloud Gathering
HERA Cronos & Rhea Zeus Queen of gods, seasonality, marriage, childbirth Argos & Samos cow, peacock veil, crown JUNO Cow-eyed, Ox-eyed, Argive, White-armed
POSEIDON Cronos & Rhea Amphitrite sea, horses, earthquakes Sounion dolphin, bull, horse trident NEPTUNE Earthshaker
DEMETER Cronos & Rhea (Zeus) agriculture, cereal Eleusis ---- staff of wheat CERES Lady
APOLLO Zeus & Leto ---- flocks, music, poetry, archery, medicine, prophesy, sun Delphi, Delos, Didyma ---- lyre, laurel wreath, bow/quiver APOLLO Pythian, Phoebus, Delphinius, Musagetes, (leader of muses)
ARTEMIS Zeus & Leto ---- hunt, animals, fertility, childbirth Ephesus, Delos, Brauron bear, stag bow/quiver, crescent DIANA Polymastos, Cyntha
ATHENA Zeus (& Metis) ---- Crafts, wisdom, protectress of Athens & heroes moon Athens owl, snake armor, spear, aegis (shield) MINERVA Pallas, Tritogenia, Owl-eyed, Nike
HESTIA Cronos & Rhea ---- hearth fire ---- ---- ---- VESTAL ----
HERMES Zeus & Maia ----  messengers, heralds, merchants, thieves, magic, herdsman, dead souls, mediation, translation ---- ram caduceus (staff), petasus (hat), winged hat/boots MERCURY Psychopompus ('carrier of souls'), Argeiphontes ('slayer of gods'), Cyllenian
HEPHAISTOS Hera & Zeus Aphrodite forge, metallurgy Lemos, Athens ---- forceps, double axe VULCAN Mulciber
ARES Zeus & Hera ---- war Thrace wolf armor MARS Enyalios
APHRODITE Zeus & Dione or testacles of Ouranos Hephaistos love, sex, beauty Paphos, Cythera dove, swan spindle, cupids VENUS Cypria, Cytheria, Golden, Ourania
DIONYSOS Zeus & Alkmene ---- wine, drama, consciousness, fertility Delphi, Athens, Lydia bull thyrsus, maenads, silenes, satyrs, fawn skin BACCHUS Bromios, Iacchus, Dithyrambos